Elucidate the expectancy model of motivation.
- Expectancy Model of Motivation
One of the most descriptive and logical explanations of -motivation is offered by Victor Vroom in his Expectancy Theory. It is a cognitive process theory of motivation. The theory is founded on the basic notions that people will be motivated to exert a high level of effort when they believe there are relationships between the effort they put forth, the performance they achieve, and the outcomes they receive.
The relationships between notions of effort, performance, and rewards are depicted in the following figure.
Thus, the key construct in the Vroom's expectancy theory Of motivation are:
- Valence: Valence, according to Vroom, means the value of strength one places on a particulars outcome or reward.
- Expectancy: It relates efforts to performance.
- Instrumentality: By instrumentality, Vroom means the belief that performance is related to rewards
Thus, Vroom's motivation can be expressed in the form of an equation as follows: Motivation =Valence* Expectancy* Instrumentality
As the model is multiplicative in nature, all the three variables must have high positive values to imply motivated performance choices. If any one of the variables approaches to zero level, the possibility of these motivated performance also touches zero level. Expectancy and instrumentality are attitudes, or more -specifically; they are cognitions. As such, they represent an individual's perception of the likelihood that effort -will lead to performance and performance will lead to the desired outcomes. Similarly, on the other hand/ it can be used to define what is termed a strong situation. Strong situations act to have base is a strong influence on the behaviour of individuals, often overriding their personalities, personal _preferences, and other dispositional variables.
